Culture can begin from a smaller scale and expand to a larger one. It can originate from a small community where like-minded people start cultivating the atmosphere they prefer, and with the acceptance of additional members, it can spread over a wider area of society. Culture can be recognised as big bubbles in a society, if some are powerful, it could affect the society significantly. The traits of community influence the members in it, for example fosters one’s intellectual aspect if the community as a whole emphasizes being intellectual.
Creating a context is related to creating a culture. Having the number of people who have the same culture is to have the people who are aware of the culture. As for the society of 21st century, it is a matter of how we can create a society where the right things are spread than the extremes or things assembling attention. The unordinary often gets attention from the public as it is rare and unconventional. This creating context is applied to a number of cases as such that: one should look at how he can create the context in which more people feel the importance of freedom in society, the ways to do it is not necessarily their direct claim or display their opinions in public space without caring about people of the other opinion. It depends on circumstance people say certain things or refrain from doing so.
Norm is not what authority owns. Community has norms. In the state where authority has control over people, the norm is greatly influenced by authority. Depending on to what extent citizens are freely behave, it is decided that to what extent societal norms rely on citizens. Not only the oppressive aspect of norm which, for example, works that citizens look at each other for finding some who behaves irregularly from their norm. While focusing on the secure holding of freedom in maximum, norm works as another regulation with flexibility in society. If norm becomes intensified, it could narrow the range of actions among people. This is the case of more narrowing norm, however the fermentation of the norm which work towards outside, in other words the norm of expanding the sphere of the actions of citizens can be tried to be installed. It is also expressed as the culture which society prefers for their life.
The creation of culture contributes to the transformation of norm. The progress of culture contributes to the progress of civilisation. Undevelopped culture of former generations are replaced by the newer. The cultivation of culture enriches a community. Various standards save persons who weren’t evaluated well in one criterion. Small communities within the large one maintains the diversity. It is too distant to have an architecture that one is connected to the large nation-state directly without accessing to the intermediary type of community. It is because the direct connection towards the large makes difficult to grasp the enough aspects of the nation, compared with the smaller. Not directly connected to the national level, the intermediary such as local levels are necessary and helpful to create the culture of political participation.
The social structure values people who are talkative enough to participate. Actions are needed to be done by active behaviours of persons. If a country seeks participatory politics, some encourage others to participate. Even so, there would be those who are not much interested in the participation. When they feel the necessity they would participate in it. But when feeling the unrightness to their politics they could act by voting but also some could act in a way, not for example voting.
While securing the universal suffrage, leaving it to those who engage in politics makes it a type of the politics with limited range of people participating, which is those who are eager to participate. In a larger community, people would be harder to have the actual consciousness of joining politics. Their vote is one of the numerous votes. Recognition could work in small community recognising each other as democratic. In order to have a society where “a legitimate government is one whose authority citizens can recognize while still regarding themselves as equal, autonomous, rational agents”(1).
(1)Scanlon, T. M. (2003). The Difficulty of Tolerance. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 14-15.
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